The Rhode Island Socioecological Model
We prevent suicide by increasing protective factors and decreasing risk factors. Looking at the model, you can see how positive things–such as a good relationship with your doctor, restrictions on lethal means, and a healthy school environment–would contribute to a lowered risk of suicide. Or, how the more challenges a person experiences in their life and environment, such as substance abuse, violent relationships, and barriers to accessing mental healthcare, might put them at higher risk for suicide.
(This graphic is based on a graphic in the 2012 National Strategy for Suicide Prevention: Goals and Objectives for Action: A Report of the U.S. Surgeon General and of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention.)
(This graphic is based on a graphic in the 2012 National Strategy for Suicide Prevention: Goals and Objectives for Action: A Report of the U.S. Surgeon General and of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention.)
Protective factors
Societal Protective factors
Available physical and mental healthcare
Restricted access to lethal means of suicide (e.g. locking up guns or medications)
Community
Safe and supportive schools and communities
Ongoing care after being hospitalized for mental health reasons
Relationship Protective factors
Being connected to friends, family, and community
Good relationships with healthcare providers
Individual Protective factors
Coping and problem-solving skills
Reasons for living (e.g. children in the home)
A belief that suicide is wrong
Risk Factors
Societal Risk Factors
Easy access to lethal means of suicide
Media, like TV or movies, that show suicide as easy or romantic
Community Risk Factors
Schools and communities are not safe or supportive
Hard to access healthcare (e.g. expensive medication; no therapists near home)
Relationship Risk Factors
Unhealthy or violent relationships
Family history of suicide
Individual Risk Factors
Mental health concerns
Alcohol or drug abuse
Past suicide attempt
Impulsive behavior
Aggressive behavior